Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease commonly diagnosed in the elderly population and is one of the main causes of disability; most people with severe knee arthritis must undergo total knee replacements, with the rehabilitation period ranging from several weeks to months. However, there is a major deficiency in portable equipment on the market that individuals can use to consistently track their progress during the rehabilitation process. Therefore, we have created a sensor-based knee rehabilitation that is accessible and affordable for all individuals. 

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The KD1S Modulator is a high-resolution ADC that incorporates the delta-sigma topology with the capability of adjusting the “delta” to a K number of adjustable feedback quantizing paths with 1 “sigma” from the use of 1 integrator. This topology was proposed due to the need for higher speeds in transistors as we scale down their sizing, but due to the higher speeds required, designs are now limited to lower gain, increased leakage current, prone to more mismatches. The KD1S modulators discussed and designed in this paper are the 8-Path first order and 4-path second order modulators within a continuous time topology. 

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This IEEE formatted research paper focuses on the comparison between the two prominent generative machine learning models of the past decade, the GANs and diffusion models, how they differ, the tradeoffs, advantages of the two, and applications, primarily within medical imaging. 

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The buck converter is a circuit that uses switching MOSFETs to drop voltage down from a given value. Our design will focus on dropping a DC voltage between 4V - 5.5V to 3.125V. There are multiple ways to achieve this and chosen for this project is the use of push-pull output MOSFETs using PMOS and NMOS. The buck converter controls the output by the use of feedback from the output to the input and uses a comparator to adjust the voltage to our desired output. 

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The flyback converter is a switch mode power supply that converts an AC input into a DC output. The flyback converter done in this project will implement a PWM control to adjust the duty cycle depending on the output. The requirement of this project is to have an AC input of 100-130Vrms (141-184VAC) at 60Hz to be able to output 5V at 1A for a USB charger. 

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The Mental Math Machine is a game that incorporates the use of the DE2-115 board and its switches, pushbuttons, seven segment display and 16x2 LCD screen. The math questions will be limited to addition and multiplication questions with numbers ranging from 0-50. Players can play up to 3 rounds per “game” and for each round, the player needs to answer 9 different problems (10 seconds each) with a difficulty increase within each round. 

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ECG 721 (Memory Circuit Design) - CCD vs CMOS Image Sensors

ECG 795 (High-Speed PCB Design) - Cyclone V High Speed Signaling System

EE 480 (Digital Signal Processing) - Audio Effects on MATLAB

EE 431 (Engineering Optics) - Optical Lens

EE 420L (Electronics II) - Butterworth Filter

EE 370L (Control Systems) - Root Locus Analysis

EE 330 (Engineering Electromagnetics) - Reusable Sparker/Leyden Jar